Dr Antonia McManus on Irish hedge schools www.fourcourtspress.ie/reviews.php?intProductID=204
Antonia McManus lectured in the education department, Trinity College, Dublin. She was Academic Director of Hibernia College, Dublin, Ireland's first online third level institution. Her study of hedge schools, The Irish Hedge School and its Books, 1695 – 1831, was published by Four Courts Press in 2002. For over 136 years the hedge school masters were the dominant educators in Ireland. For most of that time, they worked underground due to the strictures of the Penal Laws. Her work profiles the hedge school and its books.